International Journal of Socio-Economy Planning

Developing Items for Measuring Financial Well-being Among Single Mothers in Malaysia: An Exploratory Factor Analysis Procedure

Nurulafiza Ramli — 2024-08-24

This paper explains the steps involved in conducting an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on the survey questionnaire to ensure its validity and reliability. A cross-sectional study was utilized and data was collected through a multi-stage random sampling method. The pilot study utilized a self-administered questionnaire distributed to single mothers in Malaysia who received “Bantuan Khas Ibu Tunggal” (BKIT) in 2020. The construct is represented by ten items carefully selected from studies. To ensure validity and reliability, Cronbach's Alpha was calculated for the construct and confirmed that it was reliable. This paper provides a detailed explanation of the procedures for conducting the EFA on Financial Well-being construct. The findings indicated that the instrument for the Financial Well-being construct satisfied the criteria for both construct validity and reliability and could therefore be utilized in further research.

Developing an Empowerment Model for Entrepreneurial Training Targeting Rural Women

Nurul Rashidah Mohamed Roseli — 2024-08-24

This study aims to develop an empowerment model for entrepreneurial training specifically targeting rural women in Malaysia, recognizing the critical role of women's empowerment in achieving gender equality and enhancing their contributions to society and the economy. Despite various governmental initiatives to promote women's economic empowerment, significant gaps persist, with rural women facing unique challenges compared to their male counterparts. Key barriers identified include structural differences, lack of experience, and familial responsibilities that hinder participation in entrepreneurial training programs. The research objectives focus on identifying the challenges faced by rural women entrepreneurs, determining essential technical and psychological training themes, and developing a tailored empowerment model. A qualitative research design utilizing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) will explore the experiences of rural women who have participated in government-sponsored entrepreneurial training. Data collection will involve semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with both successful and non-successful entrepreneurs. The findings will inform the development of an empowerment model that integrates technical skills and psychological readiness, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of entrepreneurial training programs for rural women. This research is significant as it seeks to bridge the gap between policy initiatives and actual outcomes, thereby contributing to the socio-economic development of rural women in Malaysia. By addressing the unique challenges faced by these women, the study aims to foster a more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that empowers rural women to thrive as entrepreneurs.

Explore The Non-Performance Among Entrepreneur of Street Food Coffee in Malaysia

Muhammad Amirul Akmal Mohd Jais — 2024-08-24

The research objectives outlined focus on understanding the dynamics and challenges faced by entrepreneurs in the street food industry, with a particular emphasis on their responsibilities, limitations, and sustainability methods. These objectives involve evaluating entrepreneurs' roles, exploring challenges such as regulations and competition, and identifying strategies for business sustainability. Qualitative research methods, including literature reviews and various qualitative research strategies like ethnography and case studies, are proposed. Data collection methods include interviews, focus groups, observation, and surveys. Thematic analysis and coding are suggested for data analysis. Overall, the research aims to contribute insights to inform policy, industry practices, and entrepreneurial strategies to promote growth and sustainability in the street food sector. This study also examines the resilience and strategies of successful entrepreneurs, particularly those in the local coffee industry, to inspire and inform others. It focuses on the challenges faced by street coffee vendors and aims to understand their role, difficulties, and recommendations for sustaining their businesses in a growing market.

Analysis to Determine the Acceptance and Readiness of Rural Communities to Adopt System Padu

Nurul Izatie Razali — 2024-08-24

As digitalization spreads across sectors, rural communities' preparedness to accept technological breakthroughs like System Pangkalan Data Utama (PADU) becomes critical for fair development. This research aims to examine rural communities' readiness to implement PADU, a centralised database system designed to expedite administrative operations and enhance data management. This study uses qualitative approaches to analyse the socioeconomic, infrastructure, and cultural elements influencing rural residents' preparedness. Purposive sampling is used to collect data from various rural areas, considering the viewpoints of inhabitants, community leaders, and local authorities. Thematic analysis reveals significant themes influencing rural communities' preparedness for PADU adoption. These topics include access to technology and digital infrastructure, levels of digital literacy, cultural attitudes towards technology, the perceived advantages and obstacles of implementing PADU, and the role of community participation and support. The findings show that degrees of preparation differ throughout rural areas, depending on factors such as geography, educational opportunities, and existing infrastructure. While some communities are enthusiastic about PADU adoption, others have misgivings regarding data privacy, technical reliance, and compatibility with existing systems. The consequences of these findings highlight the significance of targeted approaches to technology adoption in rural areas. Policy proposals include investing strategically in digital infrastructure, providing training and capacity-building programmes, promoting community alliances, and including local viewpoints in PADU design and implementation. Understanding rural communities' willingness to embrace PADU allows policymakers and stakeholders to establish policies to promote inclusive and sustainable digital transformation, encouraging socioeconomic development and empowerment in rural regions.

Graduate versus Non-Graduate Entrepreneurs in Urban Malaysia: Involvement in SMEs and Micro SMEs

Azahari Jamaludin — 2024-08-24

This study explores the involvement of graduate and non-graduate entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and micro-SMEs in urban Malaysia, highlighting the distinct roles both groups play in the country’s entrepreneurial landscape. SMEs and micro-SMEs significantly contribute to Malaysia's economic development, making it essential to understand the factors influencing entrepreneurial participation. Through a comprehensive literature review, we examine the motivations, skills, barriers, and opportunities faced by graduate and non-graduate entrepreneurs. Employing a mixed-methods research design, we gather data through surveys and interviews with urban Malaysian entrepreneurs to assess their demographics, business performance, growth aspirations, and challenges. Our findings reveal notable differences and similarities between the two groups, particularly concerning their educational backgrounds and the impact on their business decisions. Furthermore, case studies of selected entrepreneurs offer deep insights into their unique journeys, strategies, and success factors. This research provides valuable policy recommendations for supporting both graduate and non-graduate entrepreneurs, along with practical tips to enhance their venture success in the urban Malaysian context. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of how education influences entrepreneurial success and to inform future research directions in this relevant field.